???? ??? ????? ??????: ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.????????: ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????.????? ????: ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????.???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????

??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????.?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????.????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????????

??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ???????.????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????: ????? ????? ??????. ???? ????????? ????????: ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????

?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ????? ???????: ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????.????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???

) had usually provided the region with outside contacts, but conversation with the outside environment expanded with innovations in transportation, know-how, and organization. Saudi Arabia’s growing petroleum prosperity also wrought irreversible domestic variations—educational and social together with economic. Modern-day methods of production